Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing and Social Care Essay Presentation The point of this exposition is to survey and find out about the viewpoints of wellbeing and prosperity, point of view measures and occupation jobs, factors influencing wellbeing and prosperity, and to do a wellbeing advancement crusade. To do this we will glance in books and on the web to examine every one of these then once we have a decent information on them we will deliver a crusade to instruct to individuals on a wellbeing advancement point. Characterizing Health I am doing initial segment of the exposition on wellbeing and how individuals characterize it. To do this I will pass out surveys and glancing through my group notes and inspecting them. There are numerous meanings of wellbeing, yet the manner in which you characterize it relies upon the individual for example â€Å"Being without illness.† this way to have no ailments or maladies, â€Å"Health is a condition of complete physical, mental and social prosperity and not simply the nonattendance of infection or infirmity.† this announcement is attempting to state you don’t simply must have a disease to be unwell it additionally relies upon your social and mental state, and how you feel about yourself (W.H.O. 1948), â€Å"Just being happy.† this announcement is trying to say your sound if your content with yourself and your life, â€Å"Health is the degree to which an individual I wear skirts or gathering is capable, from one perspective to acknowledge goal and needs; and then again, to change or adapt to the earth. Wellbeing is consequently observed as an asset for regular day to day existence, not the object of living. It is sure idea emphasi ng social and individual assets, just as physical capacities.† (W.H.O. 1986) and so forth. (These are from class notes) Anyway these perspectives have an adverse and constructive point side to them, for example, â€Å"Being without illness† which is pessimistic, in light of the fact that it’s simply saying, on the off chance that you not harmed or you don’t have and ailment your healthy, yet it additionally relies upon a people perspective, and how the really feel about themselves likewise this is a piece to straight advance, and in circumspect of the various parts of wellbeing (PI.E.S.) in light of the fact that it just says it in a progressively logical manner (bio-clinical †consider the to be as a machine). Another view on wellbeing is â€Å"Being fit. Being the right weight and tallness for your age. Feeling great in your self† (Appendix 2) these is a positive and negative view on wellbeing since it sees the way that you can be undesirable yet be upbeat and feel better. Bio-average Model of Health This model of wellbeing commands every other model of wellbeing. The Bio-clinical or logical model of wellbeing is the point at which you consider the to be as a machine, so if it’s broken it tends to be fixed by fixing the harmed part for example Vehicle Person Vehicle wont begin Person feels sick Call carport Go to G.P. Administration Examination Conclusion Diagnosis Repaired Treatment advertised Vehicle runs Feeling better (Wellbeing and social consideration ocr: a. fisher and so forth.: p 78) This type of wellbeing doesn’t center around the psyche or the social situation; it centers around seeing how an illness functions or how the individual can be relieved. A case of somebody utilizing this type of social insurance is the point at which a specialist and other qualified individuals choose a treatment or conclusion for a patient, for example seeing clinical tests and notes to arrive at a finding. Likewise there can be a couple of disservices to this model of wellbeing for example it’s not as reasonable for individuals with long haul ailments or individuals with incapacities since they can not generally be relieved, and this type of treatment can be very meddling a direct result of tests and so on., so a few people dislike it and it might cause them to feel awkward. Another burden is that since it doesn’t take a gander at the social parts of the patient’s life they may not discover the starting point of the issue, so the individual could turn out to be sick once more. Social Model of Health This type of wellbeing is progressively about the sources of wellbeing in a social circumstance, for example, lodging, social gatherings and so forth., and understanding where the issue began and finding a superior method to test the circumstance for instance cleaning the house for dust so it doesn’t disturb a person’s asthma. Likewise because of this wellbeing model the mortality has significantly diminished during the twentieth century, since individuals have discovered the first wellspring of the issue and taken care of business and they did it so you can expand a person’s personal satisfaction and lessening disease. Anyway there are hindrances to this clinical model since finding and taking care of the issues can be hard and it overlooks the biomedical model of wellbeing. Government Initiative Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation For my wellbeing advancement crusade I’m doing smoking so this administration activity joins into it. The point of this administration activity is to improve everyone’s wellbeing, and the individuals who are severally influenced specifically. By 2010 they need to †¢ Reduce the passing rate from disease in individuals younger than 75 by at any rate 1/5 †¢ Reduce the passing rate from coronary illness, stroke and other related ailments in individuals younger than 75 by in any event 2/5 †¢ Reduce the passing rate from mishaps by in any event 1/5 and to lessen the pace of genuine injury from mishaps by in any event 1/10 †¢ Reduce the passing rate from self destruction and unsure injury by in any event 1/5 (Class notes) Because of these things the legislature acquired a few measures to help manage these issues which are handling smoking which is probably the greatest reason for sick wellbeing alongside liquor, additionally to handle sexual wellbeing, drugs, sanitation, water fluoridation, and transmittable ailments, to place more cash in the NHS, nearby specialists and the administration concentrating on improving wellbeing. (Addendum 1) Sickness hindrance of typical physiological capacity influencing part or the entirety of a living being. (http://uk.ask.com/reference/word reference/wordnetuk/81070/sickness) The Illness Wellness Continuum As per The Illness Wellness Continuum the less well you are the closer you are to unexpected passing (as appeared by the outline above left = demise right = elevated level of wellbeing). This additionally identifies with the administration activity in light of the fact that the administration needs to lessen mortality by decreasing sickness. Looking into Questionnaires This is a chart to show the measure of individuals who took the poll and are either administration clients or specialist co-ops. This chart shows the quantity of people who took the survey, and as should be obvious the principle measure of individuals who took the poll were ladies. Quit Smoking Advisor The Stop Smoking Advisor works with patients in the network, to give quit smoking help, treatment and counsel set by neighborhood and national norms. A Smoking Advisor works with the Stop Smoking Specialists to offer coordinated and gathering support so their work implies they need to travel all around the nation to a wide range of spots, for example, wellbeing focuses, medical clinics, network structures, working men’s clubs, Sure Start structures and so on. To give bolster and illuminate individuals about the threats regarding smoking they may do an introduction or get recordings for individuals to watch, for example, the NHS (National Health Service) smoking adverts on T.V., likewise the guide may get realistic pictures to stun individuals and cause them to comprehend what they’re doing to their bodies’ for example The obligations and abilities should have been a smoking guide are as per the following: (http://www.jobs.nhs.uk/cgi-canister/vacdetails.cgi?search_db_no=2selection=911717227vn=2) Wellbeing Visitor Wellbeing guests are enlisted medical attendants or birthing assistants who work to advance great wellbeing, and forestall ailment in the network. Yet, go through the majority of their day visiting individuals in their homes and assisting with errands. Wellbeing guests work with a wide range of individuals in the network, for example, the old, handicapped, and the drawn out debilitated, and offers them backing and counsel to assist individuals with defeating their inabilities. Wellbeing guests have numerous obligations they have to do: †¢ Advising the older on medical problems †informing individuals concerning appropriate consideration expected to keep up hardware for example catheter care. †¢ Advising new moms on issues, for example, cleanliness, wellbeing, taking care of and dozing this is on the grounds that another mother may not no pretty much all the obligations that accompany a youngster so the should be educated. †¢ Counseling individuals on issues, for example, post-natal discouragement, mourning, or being analyzed HIV positive. †¢ Co-ordinating kid vaccination programs. †¢ Organizing unique facilities or drop-in focuses. (http://www.learndirect-advice.co.uk/helpwithyourcareer/jobprofiles/profiles/profile429/) To be a wellbeing guest, you ought to have the option to do every one of these things: †¢ Be ready to manage everything well with a wide range of individuals †this is on the grounds that they work with a breeze scope of individuals in every single diverse condition. †¢ Be keen on and mindful of wellbeing and social issues â€this is so they can speak with every extraordinary kind of individuals and know about any issues that need tending to. †¢ Have awesome correspondence and listening abilities †this is so the patient can confide in the wellbeing guest and thusly give better consideration. †¢ Be understanding and convincing †this is on the grounds that it might be difficult for individuals to do certain things or they may have learning troubles which may frustrate their consideration. †¢ Be ready to comprehend non-verbal communication and other non-verbal correspondence †this is so you can make the best of a circumstance by deciphering it. Additionally it might improve correspondence. †¢ Be capable and be acceptable time the executives †this is likewise to improve the connection transport among patients and the wellbeing guest in such a case that there late the patient may feel they are not needed of nobody possesses energy for them. †¢ Be ready to chip away at your own †this is on the grounds that a wellbeing guest essentially takes a shot at their own in

Documenting The Depression Essay Example For Students

Reporting The Depression Essay Reporting the Depression:The FSA picture takers and Rural PovertyThe Great Depression fell hard in the time of 1935 bringing what appeared to certain individuals the apocalypse. However, in truth, the Great Depression was nothing close to the apocalypse, in certainty the time of 1935 was not the principal year nor was it the most recent year that numerous families had endured and went hungry because of absence of work. Families drove away from their home. Youngsters going in hunger while their paunches punctured with torment. Moms attempting frantically to keep the family together while holding the brunt of the issues because of the downturn. The spouses feeling the blame for not having work and believing that it is his issue. Kids shout with absence of food and sheer weariness as the families gather their sacks and head towards California in would like to look for some kind of employment and the beginning of another life. This is a painted image of what one may have saw during the G reat Depression. Nonetheless, we need not envision what it may have been similar to. What pictures may have resembled in light of the fact that we definitely know. Photography was a mechanical development during the nineteenth century and despite the fact that relatively few individuals had cameras, the ones that did, didn't pass up on the chance to catch the coldblooded times of that period. In John Vachons picture taken in 1940, he shows a deserted farmhouse in Ward County, North Dakota. Vachon additionally snaps a photo of the living quarters of an organic product pressing home for the laborers in Berrien, Michigan in 1940. The little controls of the house could scarcely suit one individual not to mention an entire family. Dorothea Lang, another picture taker of that time shots photographs of a vagrant mother in Nipomo, California in 1936. Her face harsh and wrinkled. A look of misery and concern shows up on her worn out face while her two kids stick on to her shoulder. She addit ionally snapped a photo of a Mexican vagrant specialists home in Imperial Valley, California in 1937. His house is simply any longer than a little room. A shack made out of cardboard and what seems, by all accounts, to be aluminum. By and by, scarcely set for one individual not to mention a family. These conditions were nothing unordinary. Sadly, those were the occasions during the Great Depression and the picture takers couldn't have caught them any better. The Great Depression finished in light of World War II yet the recollections and the photos during that period would not be overlooked. In 1962 a man by the name of Edward Steichen, leader of the photography office in New York for the Museum of Modern Art made a show titled, The Bitter Years, 1935-1941. Due to that show, individuals found that a few things had not changed at all since than: rustic neediness, racial segregation, and social shamefulness. The show helped shed new light to what truly occurred during those occasions. For the individuals that experienced the downturn, it might have brought back recollections Dont overlook were you steamed from somebody once said and for the individuals who may never recognize what it resembles to be detracted from all you know and compelled to live in destitution, it helped shed new light to the significance, There is no spot like home. The photos show the proof. The essences of the individuals, exhausted and scratched with stress. The youngsters loaded with earth and coarseness. The families accumulated around however without any grins. I will never know precisely how hard those occasions were for those individuals, nor will any other person who didn't live in those occasions. Be that as it may, the photos, well they represent themselves. I was asked to answer the inquiry, What messages did these photos send to working class Americans who saw them yet my lone decision is dread. I don't feel that they felt regretful during that timeframe in light of the fact that it wasnt them. I really imagine that they viewed themselves as fortunate and considered the neediness stricken to have gotten what they merit. The once-rich farmlands of the fields and prairies were not, at this point usable because of the residue storms and the surrender of the ranchers. Another inquiry posed was, Why do you think these narrative photos we re so powerful in making compassion and backing for help to these ranchers? My response to that is on the grounds that they speak to reality. The photos of dedicated ladies, men and kids who had to grow up before there time. Soil put on their faces like it was make-up and garments battered and torn like they were dolls. Physical appearance was what it gives off an impression of being at the very least. Hair left unwound and showers, well they were rare. The occasions were unquestionably unpleasant. In any case, the photos that were taken were not just of difficult situations and frantic individuals; they were likewise of the individuals that benefitted from the Great Depression. Individuals like the proprietor of a general store, Bank and Cotton Gin in Wendell, North Carolina in 1939. That image was taken by Marion Post Wolcott and it shows the proprietor flawlessly squeezed wearing a dark suit and cap smoking a stogie. Arthur Rothstein snapped another photo in 1940 that one additio nally delineates a proprietor of a donkey vendor in Creedmoor, North Carolina flawlessly squeezed in a dark suit just smoking a cigarette rather than a stogie. Those were the individuals who didnt care that individuals were enduring, they didnt care on the off chance that they had no home and the vast majority of all, they didnt care if youngsters went hungry. They were in it for they cash. So when I take a gander at those photos and think what the American white collar class laborer around then would think, I derisively need to state that they would not mind somehow. You win a few, you lose a few. The Great Depression was a lamentable period ever. To summarize the emotions and tough situations that individuals had endured would be about outlandish. Yet, similar to I expressed in the past pages, the photos lie. The photos can't delete the demeanor on people groups faces or the appearance that depict. The proof is in the photos, it generally has been and it will stay to do as such un til the finish of time. Words/Pages : 1,049/24

How the Fight or Flight Response Works

How the Fight or Flight Response Works Theories Biological Psychology Print How the Fight or Flight Response Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 18, 2019 Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018. More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The fight-or-flight response, also known as the acute stress response, refers to a physiological reaction that occurs in the presence of something that is terrifying, either mentally or physically. The response is triggered by the release of hormones that prepare your body to either stay and deal with a threat or to run away to safety.?? The term fight-or-flight represents the choices that our ancient ancestors had when faced with danger in their environment. They could either fight or flee. In either case, the physiological and psychological response to stress prepares the body to react to the danger. The fight-or-flight response was first described in the 1920s by American physiologist Walter Cannon. Cannon realized that a chain of rapidly occurring reactions inside the body helped to mobilize the bodys resources to deal with threatening circumstances. Today the fight-or-flight response is recognized as part of the first stage of Hans Selyes general adaptation syndrome, a theory describing the stress response.?? What Happens During the Fight-or-Flight Response In response to acute stress, the bodys sympathetic nervous system is activated due to the sudden release of hormones. The sympathetic nervous systems stimulate  the  adrenal glands  triggering the release of catecholamines, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline. This results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.?? After the threat is gone, it takes between 20 to 60 minutes for the body to return to its pre-arousal levels. You can probably think of a time when you experienced the fight-or-flight response. In the face of something frightening, your heartbeat quickened, you begin breathing faster, and your entire body becomes tense and ready to take action. The fight-or-flight response can happen in the face of an imminent physical danger (such as encountering a growling dog during your morning jog) or as a result of a more psychological threat (such as preparing to give a big presentation at school or work). Some of the physical signs that may indicate that the fight-or-flight response has kicked in include: Rapid Heart Beat and Breathing: The body increases heartbeat and respiration rate in order to provide the energy and oxygen to the body that will be needed to fuel a rapid response to the danger.??Pale or Flushed Skin: As the stress response starts to take hold, blood flow to the surface areas of the body is reduced and flow to the muscles, brain, legs, and arms are increased. You might become pale as a result, or your face may alternate between pale and flushed as blood rushes to your head and brain.?? The bodys blood clotting ability also increases in order to prevent excess blood loss in the event of injury.Dilated Pupils: The body also prepares itself to be more aware and observant of the surroundings during times of danger. Another common symptom of the fight-or-flight response is the dilation of the pupils, which allows more light into the eyes and results in a better vision of the surroundings.??Trembling: In the face of stress or danger, your muscles become tense and primed f or action. This tension can result in trembling or shaking.?? Why Its Important The fight-or-flight response plays a critical role in how we deal with stress and danger in our environment. Essentially, the response prepares the body to either fight or flee the threat. It is also important to note that the response can be triggered due to both real and imaginary threats. By priming your body for action, you are better prepared to perform under pressure. The stress created by the situation can actually be helpful, making it more likely that you will cope effectively with the threat. This type of stress can help you perform better in situations where you are under pressure to do well, such as at work or school. In cases where the threat is life-threatening, the fight-or-flight response can actually play a critical role in your survival. By gearing you up to fight or flee, the fight-or-flight response makes it more likely that you will survive the danger. While the fight-or-flight response happens automatically, that does not mean that it is always accurate. Sometimes we respond in this way even when there is no real threat.  Phobias  are good examples of how the fight-or-flight response might be triggered in the face of a perceived threat. A person who is terrified of heights might begin to experience the acute stress response when he has to go the top floor of a skyscraper to attend a meeting. His body might go on high alert as his heartbeat and respiration rate increase. When this response becomes severe, it may even lead to a panic attack.?? Understanding the bodys natural fight-or-flight response is one way to help cope with such situations. When you notice that you are becoming tense, you can start looking for ways to calm down and relax your body. The stress response is one of the major topics studied in the rapidly-growing field of  health psychology. Health psychologists are interested in helping people find ways to combat stress and live healthier, more productive lives. By learning more about the fight-or-flight response, psychologists can help people explore new ways to deal with their natural reaction to stress.

Should Religion Be Removed From Schools Essay - 1370 Words

Religion in schools is consistently being disputed among schools, students, and government alike. What reasons are there that justify that religion should be taken out of school? Freedom of religion is a pillar of which that holds the foundation of this country, yet it is so heavily discriminated against. The problem lies not in the various religions but in the lack of protection of religion, especially in schools. As said by Richard W.Riley Public schools can neither foster religion nor preclude it. Our public schools must treat religion with fairness and respect and vigorously protect religious expression as well as the freedom of conscience of all other students. In so doing our public schools reaffirm the First Amendment and enrich†¦show more content†¦(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abington_School_District_v._Schempp)According to angelfire.com, In New Hyde Park, New York, 1962, each school day began with a spoken recital of a prayer. Although this prayer was meant to be non-denominational, many parents of the children who went to school in New Hyde Park found this mandated prayer offensive and did not want their children participating. The Supreme Court case Engel v.Vitale was then formed against this prayer. Engelv. Vitale resulted in the recital of a prayer in schools to be unconstitutional and was no longer allowed in schools of New York. (http://www.angelfire.com/il/schalten/supreme3.html)In another small case, school faculty was forced to remove holiday decorations because it was found to be offensive to people of different religions. Another case was an attempt to remove the words â€Å"under God† from the Pledge of Allegiance, because people believed that â€Å"under God† in the Pledge of Allegiance was overstepping the separation of church and State. The case lost its appeal though and never made it to the Supreme Court. The cases above and many others show that it is unconstitutional to require or force any religious pract ices. School has become a place of neutral religion not to be pressed upon students nor suppressed. In a letter sent by Rod Paige, Secretary of Education in 2003, he states, regarding students rights in school, â€Å"Among other things,Show MoreRelatedThe Role of Religions in America680 Words   |  3 Pages Did you know that according to Procon’s polls, there are over 300 religions in the United States? Monotheisms, polytheisms, pantheisms, and atheism make up these 300 religions. Although the United States may be one of the freest countries in many fields such as freedom of the press, its censorship level is the fourth lowest in the world according to Reporters Without Borders, I believe that freedom of religion isn’t one of its more free fields. For example, the national motto is â€Å"In God We TrustRead MoreThe Battle Over The Religious Homework809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle Over the Religious Homework Eventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshairs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religiousRead MoreStudent s Expression Of Religious Beliefs Within The Classroom808 Words   |  4 PagesEventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshairs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be dis played on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religious rights under the First AmendmentRead MoreCivil Rights And Civil Liberties910 Words   |  4 Pagesthey sound similar there is a huge difference between Civil rights and Civil liberties. Civil rights fight against discrimination based on sex, religion, gender, age, nationality and color ensuring equality whereas civil liberties favor freedom including a right to free speech and press, freedom of assembly, right to marry, right to vote, freedom of religion, right to privacy, etc. A Civil right is mainly focused on minorities while civil liberties is a generalized right provided to every individualRead MoreRuling Out School Prayer1276 Words   |  6 Pagespeople argue that school prayer is needed in schools, but I think that it is not necessary. I believe that it is not necessary to have prayer during school to please people of one religion. If a person can pray to him/herself, then there is no need for a public prayer. It has already been established in the constitution that school prayer has been banned and it should remain that way. In my opinion it should remain unconstitutional because it interferes with other student’s religion, the intention forRead MoreThe Prayer Should Be Allowed At Public Universities, Organized Team Prayer Before And After Game? Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesyour article that stated â€Å"at public universities, organized team prayer before and after game violates the separation of church and state and should not be allowed, although private and devotionals are permissible.† I think it is important to go back to the history of the law and how it relates to today’s society before we distinguish whether or not prayer should be allowed in sport. Before the 1980’s athletes rarely ever discussed their beliefs or prayed during sport participation. Some sport psychologistsRead MorePosition Paper1680 Words   |  7 Pageshas ranged from part time, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011). Ever since Engel v. Vitale, people have been upset that God has been kicked out of the classroom. Engle v. Vitale was a landmark Supreme Court case, in which it was ruled that the public school could not be started or concluded with a formal reciting of a non-denominational prayer (Bill of Rights Institute, 2010). The following information will show both sides of the argument of if prayer should be allowedRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Society1473 Words   |  6 Pagescultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes† and religion as â€Å"something one believes in and follows devotedly; a point or matter of ethics or conscience.† The question stated on our political survey reads â€Å"shared religious belief isn’t and important part of our society.† And I disagree with that. Almost everyone has his or her own sets of beliefs and morals, which is what makes them who they are. I believe we need religion in society, otherwise we would all just be mindless robots withRead MorePrayer in the Public Schools1111 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in the Public Schools Diana Brown Everest Online Composition 1-226 ABSTRACT This essay is composed of facts supporting that prayer in Public Schools would be beneficial for the children and the United States of America. Prayer is an address to God or a god in word or thoughts. The Anti- Defamation League states that, â€Å"A moment of silence will inevitably be unconstitutional or the purpose and effect of such moments of silence are invariably to advance religion. The U.S. Supreme CourtRead MoreThe Reflection Of Francis Bellamys Pledge Of Allegiance1092 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of Americans, but an issue nonetheless. Americans from different religious backgrounds found that this inclusion infringed on their rights, especially in systems such as public schools, where the Pledge of Allegiance is recited daily. Expecting a person to recite god daily, who does not carry the beliefs of god is oppressing; the Pledge of Allegiance does this, therefore it oppresses a group of American citizens and should be removed. If â€Å"under God† is viewed as oppressive, one would wonder

Cyber Bullying - 3292 Words

What are the consequences of cyberbullying among junior high school students? Technological advances are intended to speed up the transfer of information to a large range of people. The internet is an important tool used by kids to learn much faster because there is a large range of data that is available to them. The use of the internet has made accessing information and learning much easier. Although the internet has its positive benefits, such as transferring a large range of information to a broad scope of individuals, if it is misused it can cause harm to people, in particular, young people. Many adolescents have become victims to cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is defined in the Merriam Webster Dictionary(2010) as â€Å"the electronic†¦show more content†¦This makes it difficult to trace the source, and encourages bullies to behave more aggressively than a traditional ‘physical world’ bully† (para. 2). Bullies use the internet to hide from the ones they are bullying and therefore, have no fear or concern about retaliation. The i nternet provides a faster way of transporting messages and information. This fast method of transferring information is a reason why cyber bullying is so dangerous. Bullies take advantage spreading harmful messages to a broader scope of people. Social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter are often used to transfer harmful messages and pictures to large group of friends and strangers. Mindi McDowell(2011), in her article â€Å"Dealing with cyberbullying†, asserts that â€Å" Information or pictures posted online or forwarded in mass emails can reach a larger audience faster than more traditional methods, causing more damage to the victims. And because of the amount of personal information available online, bullies may be able to arbitrarily choose their victims†(para 3). Cyberbullies have more access to the victim’s personal information online and they use the information in the content of their harmful messages. Cyberbullying, much like traditional bullying, is intended to gain a sense of power. Students useShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassmentRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† has evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying E ssay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includes

Critical Analysis of Beowulf Free Essays

Grendel Deep within the earth, in the frigid darkness laid the mighty beast Grendel. His tall, grisly frame trembled as the melodious hymns floated down to his lair. The joyful music sounded like liquid gold and it stung Grendel’s ears. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of Beowulf or any similar topic only for you Order Now He howled a mournful, drawn-out growl in pain. After several days of the Earthwalkers’ continuous celebration, Grendel was becoming steadily impatient, thirsting for retribution. How he longed to taste the bitter, metallic blood that coursed through their veins, and how his whole body ached to cause mayhem. The enormous demon was growing weary of hearing about how the world was created. He was tired of them drinking, and celebrating, all while he suffered within the black, bleak cave he was banished to. He would make them suffer, though. Grendel was a deft demon, and he was ready to demonstrate how powerful he truly was. Children of Cain, such as Grendel, do not often sit idly by, as those whom carouse the victories of the Gods that banished Grendel and his familiars to the Underworld. Forever was Grendel to be punished for the death of Abel, a crime of which he did not commit. To make matters worse, his familiars were on the losing end of the war against God’s creatures, thus casting them deeper within the shadows. However, that would not be the case today. It had gone on long enough. Grendel’s large feral body trembled in anticipation – he would strike them tonight. He would spill their blood in the streets and show them what such a mighty creature can do. Then, as the icy blanket of night crept across the Above World, Grendel emerged from his cavern. His muscular legs propelled him quickly across the grassy fields to Herot, and as he went, Grendel wondered how the warriors would be recuperating from their celebrations. As he approached Herot, he found all of the warriors scattered throughout, all in a deep sleep. As he stepped lightly on the ground, Grendel sniffed the air. A fowl stench of brandy mixed with the bitter scent of their sweat intoxicated Grendel. His canine ears perked as he heard the slow, rhythmic beating of each of their hearts. He walked among their numbers, gazing upon each potential victim and sizing them up. Who would provide the best kill? Who would give him the luscious blood he so eagerly wished to taste. Finally, he came upon the perfect victim – a boy, about to become a man, his warrior’s helmet was slightly askew on his sandy-colored hair. A silvery trail of drool slid from his lips and out onto the cold stone floor as he snored quietly. He had obviously never experienced battle, for his armor was made only of thin leather and had not even a fleck of dirt on it. Grendel’s black lips curled upwards as he gazed down upon his unknowing victim. The power of the demon could crush his skull in a second, splattering the boy’s hopes and dreams all across the stone floor. No, that would be too abrupt – and it wouldn’t be the warrior’s death that this boy obviously so eagerly desired. No, Grendel would enjoy this. So with one slash of his razor-sharp talons, the boys throat was cut. Long ribbons of scarlet ran down his almost severed head and down onto the floor. The instant his neck was cut, his eyes shot wide open in horror, staring for only a moment at his murderer. The fear, now etched eternally in his face, was like that of watching your worst nightmare transpire right in front of your eyes. That moment was everything Grendel wanted from his journey into mayhem. That single moment was what captured Grendel’s thirst and made it even stronger. Grendel licked the crimson beads from his claws and savored the coppery taste. He could feel it enter his body and it made him even stronger. Every one of his muscles throbbed in eagerness to slaughter more people, to taste more blood, and to incite even more fear. He moved swiftly between his victims, his footsteps barely making a whisper. After a few more throat cuttings, Grendel decided he would massacre more by crushing a few skulls. Moving up to one rather rotund warrior, he grasped the warrior’s head within his long fingers, and the instant Grendel felt the warrior awaken, he squeezed with tremendous force. Within that moment, the warrior’s body felt limp, his enormous weight now pulling Grendel’s arm down. The demon could feel the sharp fragments of bone and helmet inside his hand, and the warm, stickiness of the blood as it ran along his fingers. Over two dozen more, he did this to, before carrying all of their bodies back to his lair. On his way back, though, he made sure that they left a long river of blood towards his cavern. Grendel greatly anticipated the awakening of the other warriors. As soon as day broke, he was not disappointed – those whom Grendel had spared began to cry and moan as they discovered the fate of their loved ones and compatriots. Their joyous songs of celebration turned to marred hymns of lament. Now that was music to Grendel’s ears. In fact, the magnitude of excitement Grendel felt made it impossible for him to stay within his cavern that night. Just like he had done last night, he crept out of his lair and slaughtered even more of the warriors. As the months drew on, eventually the remaining warriors would try to combat Grendel, or run and hide. Each warrior, young or old, met the same fate as those Grendel had killed on his first night. A gruesome and gory death awaited any and all who Grendel wanted to kill. Years began to pass, and Herot became abandoned, thus making Grendel the only inhabitant. No longer were stories told of the creation of the world, but instead of Grendel’s power and hatred. 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Organic Lab 7 free essay sample

The reaction occurs through a nucleophilic substitution, which is when a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in the substrate. In this lab, the hydroxyl group of t-butyl alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. The reaction proceeds through an SN1 mechanism (Weldegirma 38-41). â€Å"A nucleophile is any neutral or uncharged molecule with an unshared pair of electrons. In the substitution reaction, the nucleophile donates an electron pair to the substrate, leading to the formation of a new bond to the nucleophile, while breaking the existing bond to the leaving group† (Solomons and Fryhle 99-102). The two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2, are identified based on whether the different steps occur simultaneously (SN1) or in two separate steps (SN2). To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Also, the nature of the solvent can affect which substitution reaction will occur. Polar protic solvents typically favor SN1 reactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Organic Lab 7 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is because the SN1 mechanism is carried out in two steps and the polar protic solvent produces both a cation and an anion which are capable of stabilizing the charges on the ions formed during the reaction. Because an SN2 reaction occurs in one step, this is unfavorable; however, the SN2 reactions tend to favor polar aprotic solvents. Another factor affecting the type of substitution reaction is the nature of the leaving group. Since the SN1 reactions occur in one step, they generally require an excellent leaving group and won’t typically run with a poor leaving group. The SN2 reaction also favors excellent leaving groups but can run with any type of leaving group because it is run in two different steps. To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Weldegirma 38-41). Mechanism of the preparation of tert-butyl chloride: Possible side reaction during the preparation of tert-butyl chloride: Experimental Section/Flow Chart: Part 1: 60mL separatory funnel + cooled 15mL of concentrated HCl to 0? C + added 15mL of HCl to separatory funnel + added 5mL tert-butyl alcohol +swirled it without the stopper for 20 minutes + let stand until two distinct layers were formed + drained lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and saved just incase Organic Layer- in separatory funnel +added 30mL of DI water + swirled for a few minutes let stand until two distinct layers formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and saved just incase Organic Layer- in separatory Funnel + added 15mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate + shook with stopper with venting + let stand for a few minutes until two distinct layers formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer- in separatory funnel + added 15mL of water + swirled for a couple minutes + let stand until two distinct layers have formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer transferred product layer into clean/dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask + added 1. 5 grams of anhydrous calcium chloride to dry the product +decanted into round bottom flask + added 6 boiling stones + ran through a simple distillation Tert-Butyl Chloride Part 2- T est tube #1- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from part 1 + added 1mL of NaI + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Negative Result Test Tube #2- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from part 1 + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shook while holding top of test tube with finger recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube # 3- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of NaI + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube #4- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Negative Result Table of Chemicals: Table of Chemicals 1: Table of Chemicals 1: Chemical Name-| Physical Properties- | Chemical Properties- | Tert-Butyl Alcohol-| M. P. -25-26 ? CB. P. 82-83? CMolecular Weight- 74. 2 g/molWater Solubility- miscible| Combustible- noFlammable- yes| Hydrochloric Acid-| M. P. -114 ? CB. P. -85. 05? CMolecular Weight-36. 4 g/mol| Combustible- yesFlammable- no| Sodium bicarbonate-(Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. 50? CB. P. 851? CMolecular Weight- 84 g/molWater Solubility- 9 g/ 100mL| Combustible- noFlammable-no| Table of Chemicals 2: Table of Chemicals 2: Tert-butyl chloride-| M. P. -26? CB. P. 51? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- sparingly| Combustible- noFlammable-yes| Anhydrous calcium chloride- | M. P. 772? CB. P. 1935? CMolecular Weight- 110. 98 g/molWater Solubility- 74. 5 g/ 100mL| Combustible- yes/ slightlyFlammable- no| Silver nitrate-| M. P. 212? CB. P. 444? CMolecular Weight- 169. 87 g/molWater Solubility- 122 g/100mL| Combustible- noFlammable- no| Sodium iodide-(Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. 661? CB. P. 1304? CMolecular Weight- 149. 89 g/molWater Solubility- 178. 8 g / 100mL| Combustible- noFlammable- no| Table of Chemicals 3: Table of Chemicals 3: 1-chlorobutane- (Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. -123? CB. P. 78? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- . g/L| Combustible- YesFlammable-Yes| Results: Percent Yield- t-butyl alcohol: Density = Mass/Volume : M= . 842 x 5 = 4. 21 grams Mass/ M. W. = # moles : 4. 21 g / 74. 12 g/mol = . 0568 moles of t-butyl alcohol t-butyl chloride: Density = Mass / Volume : M= . 397 x 2 = . 794 grams mass / M. W. = # moles: . 794 g / 92. 57 g/mol = . 00858 moles of t-butyl chloride Because of a 1:1 ratio then you can use actual / theoretical x 100 . 00 858 moles / . 0568 moles x 100 = 15. 105 % Results Table 1: Results Table 1: | Color| Precipitate appearance| Time of precipitate| After warm water (50? C) bath| Positive or Negative Result| Test Tube # 1- T-butyl chloride amp; NaI| Clear/ faint tint of yellow| No precipitate| Over 6 minutes and still no precipitate| Nothing occurred after 6 minutes in the steam bath| Negative Result| Test Tube # 2- T-butyl chloride amp; AgNO3| Cloudy and white| Yes, small solid particles| . 8 seconds| N/A| Positive Result| Test Tube # 3- t-chloro butane amp; NaI| Slightly cloudy with initial drop but quickly turned clear| No precipitate after 6 minutes| 6 minutes RT, for steam bath 4 minutes 58 seconds| Yellow solution as well as white precipitate on bottom formed. Positive Result| Test Tube #4- t-chloro butane amp; AgNO3| Clear colorless liquid| No precipitate| 6 minutes RT, 6 minutes steam bath| No precipitate| Negative Result| Discussion: Throughout this lab, the main goal was to properly create a t-butyl chloride. In order to test if we properly received our product we tested the sample with two different solvents, a solvent of sodium iodide and silver nitrate. If an alkyl halide is a tertiary one, it can easily react with a solvent of silver nitrate to generate a relatively stable tertiary carbocation through an SN1 reaction. If an alkyl halide is a primary one, it can then react with iodide ions in the sodium iodide solvent by an SN2 mechanism showing a precipitate of insoluble sodium chloride. Heat can also be used in this process to speed up the reaction (Weldegirma 38-41). The first test we ran was t-butyl chloride and sodium iodine. After mixing the two compounds, there was only a slight tint to the liquid but remained clear and precipitate free for 6 minutes of being room temperature. We then placed it in a warm water in which there was no precipitate that formed while being heated. This test yielded a negative result. The second test that we ran was t-butyl chloride and silver nitrate. Directly after mixing the compounds, there was an immediate white precipitate that had formed. This test yielded a positive result. A negative result with sodium iodide and a positive result of silver nitrate concluded that our solution of t-butyl chloride was a pure tertiary alkyl halide. Our third test was run with t-chloro butane and sodium iodide. This test initially did not form a precipitate while it was kept at room temperature. We then used a warm water bath in which after 5 minutes the solution formed a white precipitate and a yellow liquid. This shows that this test was a positive test. The fourth test was with t-chloro butane and silver nitrate. This test did not form a precipitate at room temperature or during the steam bath. This shows a negative result. With the t-chloro butane, the negative result with silver nitrate and the positive result of sodium iodide prove that this is indeed a primary alkyl halide. Conclusion: In this lab, we properly carried out an SN1 reaction from t-butyl alcohol to t-butyl chloride and found that we did in fact create a t-butyl chloride by getting a positive result from our silver nitrate test in the end. Although we weren’t able to visibly see with our eye the nucleophilic attack, the steps that we carried out in the lab showed the separated layers and that there were reactions going on during each step. The organic layer that was continuously washed was undergoing the slow reaction process during each separating stage. In the end, after the distillation of the solution, the SN1 reaction was completely carried out. The information from this data has revealed that it is possible to carry out an SN1 reaction in a lab; however, in the process of washing the product there will be a lot of material lost giving a low percent yield in the end. It would be smart to use chemicals that are inexpensive and in large quantities to carry out these types of reactions. The information and techniques performed in this lab could be applied to other situations in an industrial setting. One example of this could be creating chlorofluorocarbons which used to be produced for aerosol cans and other products. Although these are no longer widely used in the world due to ozone effect, the SN1 reaction could be done with these chemicals. Overall, the lab accomplished what it was set out to do. References: Chemical Book. 2008. lt;http://www. chemicalbook. com/ProductIndex_EN. aspamp;xgt;. Solomons, T. W. Graham, and Craig Fryhle. Organic Chemistry. 10th. 1. New Jersey: John Wiley amp; Sons, Inc. , 2011. 99-102. Print. Weldegirma, Solomon. Experimental Organic Chemistry. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2012. 38-41. Print.

Hoist With His Own Petard

Hoist With His Own Petard Hoist With His Own Petard Hoist With His Own Petard By Maeve Maddox I think Keith Olbermann may have had something to do with popularizing this Shakespearean expression. In July 2005 Olbermann, writing about the London bus bombing, wrote: July 21st may turn out to be the day the terrorists began to blow themselves up - hoist themselves, as the Middle English phrase goes, â€Å"on their own petard.† I cant guess why he called it a Middle English phrase. The expression, meaning blown up by his own bomb, comes from Shakespeares time (1605). By then, Middle English had morphed into Modern English. As recently as Election Eve 2008, Olbermann was still using the phrase: Im trying to give Gov. Palin out there, a couple more seconds to figure out how she managed to get herself, as Shakespeare wrote of people destroyed by their own evil plans, hoist with her own petard.† Keith Olbermann October 31, 2008 Here is how the expression is used in Hamlet (III, iv, 206-208): For tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar, ant shall go hard But I will delve one yard below their mines, And blow them at the moon. Hamlet is talking about his old college chums Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Theyve been spying on him for the king, and Hamlet suspects they are laying a trap for him. Hes planning his own preà «mptive strike. A petar was an explosive device. It got its name from the French verb pà ªter, which means to break wind. The Old French noun pet means fart. Shakespeare was making one of his earthy puns here. Note that in the original expression, hoist is a verb in the past tense. Writers who want to use the expression correctly need to keep that fact in mind. The hoist of current English usage retains the same meaning, to raise, to lift up, but in modern usage, the past tense form has been regularized to hoisted. Ex. The crane hoisted the girder into place. Commentators who dont know their Shakespeare get it wrong: The amusing context for this interview, was watching Keith Olbermann hoisted on his own petard. Donklephant, March 15, 2008. I mean who are the REAL victims here? CBS News has been hoisted on its own petard Cecelia, commenting on Dan Rather scandal, January 24, 2005. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadAbstract Nouns from Adjectives25 Idioms with Clean

Definition and Examples of Rhetorical Schemes

Definition and Examples of Rhetorical Schemes Scheme is a term in classical rhetoric for any one of the figures of speech: a deviation from conventional word order. Here are examples of scheme in use by famous authors, as well as definitions from other texts: Examples and Observations Schemes include such devices as alliteration and assonance (that purposefully arrange sounds, as in The Leith police dismisseth us) and antithesis, chiasmus, climax, and anticlimax (that arrange words for effect, as in the cross-over phrasing One for all and all for one).(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)There is a theory dating back to classical times that rhetorical figures or schemes originated as forms of expression used naturally by people in states of extreme emotion (Brinton 1988:163), that they are, in fact, imitative of emotional states. . . . Thus, rhetorical figures of omission, unusual word order or repetition are held to be imitative of actual disturbances of language in emotional contexts, which, in turn, reflect feelings and emotional states such as anger, grief, indignation or consternation...Now while it is undoubtedly true that such schemes as aposiopesis (breaking off an utterance before it is completed), hyperbat on or repetition are frequently related to emotional states, it must also be realised that the whole reservoir of rhetorical schemes represents a system which provides a multitude of possibilities of expressing meanings, among which emotions form only one variety.  (Wolfgang G. Mà ¼ller, Iconicity and Rhetoric, The Motivated Sign, ed. by Olga Fischer and Max Nnny. John Benjamins, 2001) Functions of Schemes In addition to structuring reality, the schemes help writers organize and orchestrate their relationships with readers. As vehicles for social interaction, they can Signal the level of formality (high, middle, low) as well [as] local shifts across these levels;Control the emotional intensity of prosecranking it up here, ratcheting it down there;Showcase the writers wit and command over his or her medium;Enlist readers into collaborative relationships, inviting them to desire the completion of a pattern once they get its gist (Burke, Rhetoric of Motives 58-59).    (Chris Holcomb and M. Jimmie Killingsworth, Performing Prose: The Study and Practice of Style in Composition. SIU Press, 2010) Tropes and Schemes in The Garden of Eloquence [Henry] Peacham [in The Garden of Eloquence, 1577] divides his treatment of figurative language into tropes and schemes, the difference being that in the Trope there is a chaunge of signifycation, but not in the Scheme (sig. E1v). Tropes are further divided into tropes of words and sentences, and schemes are also divided into grammatical and rhetorical schemes. Grammatical schemes deviate from customs of speaking and writing and are subdivided into orthographical and syntactical schemes. Rhetorical schemes add distinction and doe take away the wearinesse of our common and dayly speach, and doe fashion a pleasant, sharpe, evident and gallant kinde of speaking, giving unto matters great strength, perspecuitie and grace (sig. H4v). Rhetorical schemes apply to words, sentences and amplification. (Grant M. Boswell, Henry Peacham. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 2010) Etymology From the Greek schema   , form, shape Pronunciation: SKEEM Also Known As: figure

Letter Writing Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter Writing Exercise - Assignment Example Additionally, Felicia is the main contributor of the success of E&Y in terms of clients. However, I would like to draw your attention to some of the challenges that happen at the work place and requires your attention. Despite Felicia being a very successive leader, her reaction towards Curt, the client we visited today, was not that promising. The negative perception she had towards Curt made her to take control of all the talks without taking into consideration of Curl’s requests. Her emotions to clients may lead to the loss of potential clients such as Curl. In connection to the above claim, I think it is recommendable for all accountants to regard all clients we interact with very important to our organization. It is also advisable for us employees to ensure that we control our emotions when talking with clients. Additionally, it is recommendable for us employees to keep the differences we have with clients out of our assigned duties. Otherwise, I affirm that everything is in control despite the little challenge. As one of the accountants, I look forward to ensuring E&Y has achieved its

The Nazis regarded the war against the Soviet Union as a 'war of Essay

The Nazis regarded the war against the Soviet Union as a 'war of extermination' (Vernichtungskrieg). What does it mean - Essay Example In  the  spring  of  1941, as preparations were under way for the invasion of the USSR, Hitler proclaimed that a war of destruction was about to start. He called for the annihilation of the Bolshevik leadership, thus laying the foundation for the extermination of what Hitler considered to be the biological source of Bolshevism: the Jews of the USSR. The application of Nazi ideas and ideology depended on two types of force, one of these took the form of indoctrination and propaganda, the other was based on terror. The initial phase of success on eastern front gave Wehrmacht, the opportunity to implement their policy of extermination (Lee 30). This resulted in the worst genocide of history, in which millions of people were killed brutally by using gassing techniques and starving them to death. Thus, the Nazis considered their war against Soviet Union as war of extermination and application of their policies of persecution. Nazis Ideology A profound understanding of Nazis ideolo gy is essential in order to understand the true spirit of Nazis war of extermination. The official name of Hitler’s movement throughout the period 1920 to 1945 was the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. ... Hence, Jews were to be excluded from German nationhood; all non-German immigration must be prevented (Lee 12) There were Nazis who emphasized the socialist element of their ideology, but these did not include Hitler. Instead, Hitler focused more and more on racial rather than economic explanations for major historical trends. He argued in his 1925 book Mein Kampf (My Struggle) that ‘The adulteration of the blood and racial deterioration conditioned thereby are the only causes that account for the decline of ancient civilizations; for it is never by war that nations are ruined, but by the loss of their powers of resistance, which are exclusively a characteristic of pure racial blood’ Lee 13) Hitler has unique importance as the creator of the Nazis programme and ideology; most of his ideas are contained in Mein Kampf and the Zweites Buch (Second Book).(p14) A vital component of Nazism was the ‘Fuehrer principle’ (Fuhrerprinzip). It is true that the cult of lea dership is to be found in all fascist movements, but it was of particular importance in the Nazi context since Hitler’s ideas were crucial in defining the nature of Nazi eclecticism. Above all, Hitler provided Nazism with a unique vision of racial purity and anti-Semitism (Lee 14). Adolf Hitler  had argued in his autobiography  Mein Kampf  for the necessity of Lebensraum, acquiring new territory for German settlement in Eastern Europe. He envisaged settling Germans there as a master race, while exterminating or deporting most of the inhabitants to  Siberia  and using the remainder as  slave labor. The linking of anti-Semitic accusations to race struggle is what made Nazism so genocidal. The Nazis believed the Jews were responsible for what they

Northern Californias Coastal Redwoods :: Essays Papers

Northern California's Coastal Redwoods ~A Brief Overview ~ "chain saw rising, whining out of a cut, falling thump of a log, limbed & bucked & loaded and where it spills over rocks as if another truck pulling back up the ridge, empty only there-- there was no hearing it only water and the rock where it turns the water singing the forest cut down and there only rock to hear it fall." GRAPH The average Redwood's life spans from around 800 to 1500 years. These anciet Redwoods were here when the dinosaurs roamed the earth, and 65 million years later we can now stroll through these living artifacts in coastal California. Typically people think that redwood forests are made up entirely of redwoods. But that isn't so--a healthy old-growth redwood forest is a mix of redwoods, deciduous trees, ferns, vines, flowers and wildlife. Giant redwoods are so tall, dense, and so crowded in the canopy, that some ground areas rarely see the sunlight, and little grows beneath these large giants. But whenever a tree does fall by Mother Nature or man, it leaves a gaping hole, that goes noticed. GRAPH Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system. GRAPH

How Can Public Diplomacy Complement “Hard Power” Tactics in International Affairs?

Hard power is a term used to describe power that is acquired from the use of military and/or economic force to influence the behaviour or interests of other political entities. As the name might imply, this type of political power is often aggressive, and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. What it boils down to is: Do what we want. If you don't, we will inflict undesirable damage on your person, citizenry, economy, security forces, crops, well water, et cetera. Hard power is mostly placed in the International Relations field of Realism, where military power is seen as the expression of a state’s strength in the international community. While the existence of hard power has a long history, the term arose when Joseph Nye coined ‘soft power' as a fresh and different form of power in a State's foreign policy. Nye defined soft power as â€Å"the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than through coercion. † He also said that soft power â€Å"could be developed through relations with allies, economic assistance, and cultural exchanges. He argued that this would result in â€Å"a more favourable public opinion and credibility abroad. † By engaging both forms of power, hard and soft, one is then employing ‘smart power’. Another term defined by Joseph Nye, it was endorsed by Hilary Clinton: â€Å"We must use what has been called smart power — the full range of tools at our disposal â €” diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural — picking the right tool, or combination of tools, for each situation. With smart power, diplomacy will be the vanguard of foreign policy. Ideas matter, and a country’s ability to promote ideals to citizens of other nations and societies, known as public diplomacy (PD), can work wonders to advance the national interest. By taking a look at case studies, we will examine whether PD can complement hard power tactics and thus we will see if ‘smart power’ is really viable in practice. The U. S strategy of hard power and public diplomacy in the Cold War During the Cold War, the world was divided in two, as the two super-powers attempted to gain support from neutral parties while offsetting the actions of their opponent. The United States and Russia were more or less equally matched in military and political strength and this resulted in a stalemate. With hard power abilities alone proving ineffective at turning the tide in any direction it meant that another means of demonstrating global dominance would be required. The basic strategy of the US during the Cold War was containment using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stop the spread of Communism, boost America’s security and influence abroad, and avert a â€Å"domino effect†. The concept of containment was proposed by diplomat George Kennan in the notorious Long Telegram . Kennan argued that the only way to defeat the spread of Communism was to suffocate it. Containment had two major policies associated with it, the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and was a reaction to a string of moves by the Soviet Union to expand Communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, and Korea. It represented a middle-ground position between appeasement and rollback. The Truman Doctrine was a robust plan that that pledged military support to the nations struggling against communist pressures. It was announced By President Truman in his 1947 address to congress after the United Kingdom informed the United States that it no longer had the capabilities to aid Greece and Turkey in their struggle against Soviet tensions. In the address he declared that the United States would â€Å"support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. † The Truman Doctrine displayed the U. S objective to respond to any further expansion with military force—the hard power element of containment. The Truman Doctrine was the justification for considerable injections of American money into European economic recovery to counteract the development of social and political unrest. This ambitious aid plan was called the Marshall Plan after the secretary of state at the time. General Marshall proposed the plan with two intentions: to assist in the rebuilding of Europe and to win the â€Å"hearts and minds† of the citizens most vulnerable to the reach of communism. The act of benevolence was accepted by the United States’ European allies after a phase of negotiations, but was discarded by the Soviets and other members of the Eastern Bloc. The Marshall Plan represented a significant early application of U. S. soft power and the vital non-military aspect of US policies of containment. Containment is an excellent example of a successful balance of hard and soft power. The policies they implemented in this process served to strengthen relations with â€Å"at-risk† countries in Europe while at the same time sending a strong message to the Soviet Union th at the United States would react strongly to any further Soviet expansion. In fact, containment was so successful, that many experts consider it the leading cause of the Soviet collapse. Another prime example of this PD was the cultural exchanges which saw tens of thousands of Soviet students go to America to study. These exchanges enabled many Soviet citizens, especially in the upper and middle reaches of society, to see the United States with their own eyes. The students would then go back to the USSR and some even occupied roles of influence and played important roles in the peaceful demise of the Soviet Union As I mentioned earlier, Public Diplomacy serves to make one’s country and ideals more attractive to citizens of other countries. One way that the U. S achieved this during the Cold War was by setting up organizations such as Radio Free Europe/Radio Lib ¬erty (RFE/RL), the Voice of America (VOA), and the United States Information Agency (USIA) which communi ¬cated the ideals of democracy, individual rights, and the free market. U. S. officials distin ¬guished America's truthful approach from the lies and deceptions of classic Nazi and Soviet propa ¬ganda and therefore the term â€Å"public diplomacy† came into general use by the 1970s to reflect this critical dif ¬ference. In fact it was noted by Edward R. Murrow, then director of the USIA, that â€Å"truth is the best propaganda and lies are the worst. † Nye remarks that Pop culture also featured largely in the U. S arsenal as it transmits widely â€Å"American values that are open, mobile, individualistic, anti-establishment, pluralistic, populist, and free. † â€Å"Long before the Berlin Wall fell in 1989; it had been pierced by television and movies. The hammers and bulldozers would not have worked without the years-long transmission of images of the popular culture of the West before it fell. In the end, the promotion of these values contributed mightily to the nearly bloodless dissolution of the Soviet Empire. China’s public diplomacy in Africa In recent years, China has looked to complement its long-established employment of hard power with soft power, and as a consequence, the Chinese government has devoted a lot of consideration to public diplomacy. In the past, Chinese g overnments have demonstrated a limited understanding of public diplomacy, viewing it either as external propaganda or a form of internal public affairs, but this has not prevented China from becoming a killed public diplomacy player. Public diplomacy and hard power are not only used in situations of war or tension between countries. One can look at Chinese relationship with Africa for a prime example of public diplomacy employed to strengthen economic relations. Africa has resources that China needs and so China views other countries, mainly this in the West, as a direct competitor for African resources. That is why they needed to establish such strong relationship with Africa. A strategy to block out competitors would require a deep partnership of trust (gained with PD), or coercion (Hard Power). The Chinese opted for the trust route as they believed it would be more cost-effective in the long run to establish a trust and understanding. Relationships begin with dialogues. The goal is to build trust. Trust cannot be manufactured, it has to be earned. China-African relations have steadily deepened and strengthened since the founding of â€Å"new China† in 1949. Developing from the ideologically-driven interactions during the Cold War, today’s China-Africa relations combine pragmatic economic and political means to achieve China’s objective of establishing a world order that is peaceful and favourable to continued economic growth and stability at home. In the 1960s and 1970s, China supported liberation movements in several African countries, gave aid to socialist nations to build stadiums, hospitals, railroads and other infrastructure, and cemented relations through a steady stream of expert engineers, teachers, and doctors. Today, Chinese officials travel to Africa accompanied by bankers and businesspeople, promoting political and economic commerce that develops China-Africa ties in a sustainable fashion. While trade and diplomacy are driven by China’s newfound economic strength and subsequent demand for raw materials, China continues to support longstanding programs that deliver aid to impoverished African citizens, such as sending teams of doctors and providing medicines. There are a number of reasons why China makes for such an appealing partner to many African countries. China’s attitude towards bilateral relations and economic development offers a different alternative to the political and economic reforms pushed forward by the â€Å"West†. China has adopted a firm stance of respect for other nations’ sovereignty and persistently refuses to condemn or involve itself in the internal affairs of African nations. This attitude has earned it the respect of those leaders and elite individuals and groups that profited from poor governance and crooked political systems and so they are not so keen on applying tedious and costly economic reforms insisted on by the West. In order to demonstrate to Africa how sincere and beneficial their friendship with China is, Beijing drafted a policy on Africa. China reportedly gets over a quarter of its oil from Africa , so it is not surprising it's interested in building up and maintaining relations on the continent. At the start of the millennium, Beijing established the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (CACF) to encourage trade and investment with 44 African countries. In 2003, Prime Minister Wen visited several oil-producing African states accompanied by Chinese oil executives, and President Hu toured Algeria, Egypt, and Gabon. China has been collaborating with governments in the Gulf of Guinea, from Angola to Nigeria, as well as with the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Libya, Niger, and Sudan. In mid-January 2006, China issued an African foreign policy paper. China has laid out the strategy for all to see and it is divided into six parts: 1. Africa's Position and Role 2. China's Relations with Africa 3. China's African Policy 4. Enhancing All-round Cooperation between China and Africa 5. Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and Its Follow-up Actions 6. China's Relations with African Regional Organizations The document is made as accessible as possible on the internet. It is written in simple English which means that it is easy to read even for those who do not have an exceptionally strong command of the language. This document is a perfect demonstration of public diplomacy. The Chinese are doing a superb job in the region. China's relationship with the public goes further than building prestige buildings for the public and the public themselves get to choose whether they want a sports stadium or a government building. In addition, television in the area is becoming more and more English language transitions from China. By backing up its economic interests with so much soft power, China has been put on a moral high-ground when compared to other global players. EU integration and public diplomacy One of the most successful initiatives to embody the principles of effective public diplomacy was the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in the 1950’s which has now evolved into the European Union. European integration is the process of mainly political, legal, social and economic integration of European states, which these days is primarily achieved through the European Union and the Council of Europe. Attempts at European integration emerged originally after the devastation of the Second World War and the desire of European countries to integrate so much so as to eliminate the possibility of another European war. The main intention behind integrating economically and politically is that the smaller European countries have more influence in international matters such as trade and world politics. A ‘kind of United States of Europe’ was called for by Winston Churchill and in 1950 the German and French politicians, Robert Schuman and Jean Monnet, proposed a common market for coal and steel for those countries willing to delegate control of these sectors of their economies to an independent authority. In 1951 the Treaty of Paris was signed by the leaders of six European countries; Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and West Germany. This treaty founded the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) creating a common market in which the industries that were crucial for war were controlled thus preventing the unilateral rearmament of any of its member states, particularly Germany. The ECSC enjoyed economic and political success which spurred the six member states to sign the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and establish the European Economic Community (EEC), which was transformed into the European Community from 1967 in the Merger Treaty. In 1993 the Maastricht Treaty transformed the ECSC into the European Union and European integration became less and less about the ‘negative’ removal of barriers, and more and more about ‘positive’, active harmonization. The EU has steadily been evolving as a diplomatic power in its own right. To demonstrate this, we need to look at the broad sweep of the development of an EU diplomatic corps over time; where it came from, how few of them there originally were, how little they did, and how these details compare with trends today. The European Union practices public diplomacy through a multilayered framework of policies and programs, relying both on its Representations in member-states, as well as its Delegations abroad – it now has diplomatic delegations in over 150 countries, employing over 5,000 members of staff. With its internal communication strategy the Union aims to engage EU-citizens more closely in its political life and to create a sense of common identity. Its communication strategy for enlargement, on the other hand, is designed to explain the goals and responsibilities of the European project to countries that aspire to become member states as well as to promote the benefits of enlargement to Euro-sceptics inside the EU. The European Neighbourhood Policy provides another layer of regional integration and governance and is directed towards the EU's immediate neighbours by land and sea, primarily developing countries, who seek one day to become either member states of the European Union itself, or more closely integrated with the economy of the European Union. Finally, through its network of Delegations abroad, the EU aims to assert itself on the international stage and regulates its relations with â€Å"third† countries. Although basically aimed at developing a public diplomacy capability, most of the outreach activities of the EU are not officially referred to as â€Å"public diplomacy†, but are described as information and communication campaigns, or education and cultural exchange programs. These efforts are intended not only to inform and explain the workings of EU institutions but also to socialize into the norms and values of the Union. The European Commission is the institution responsible for conducting the Union's diplomacy and public diplomacy efforts. While other EU bodies have also initiated public diplomacy programs, the Commission is the one providing the executive action. Since the creation of the ECSC in 1950 member states have achieved great success in integrating socially, economically and politically between themselves however there are still many difficulties to be overcome and the process of integration will never be complete. Much progress has been made to create an integrated EU diplomatic service and this will continue to be utilized alongside hard power economic and political policies to develop the EU as strong and coherent body of states. Conclusion As we have seen in these case studies, when hard power is coupled with soft power, especially public diplomacy, it creates a most effective product – more effective than the sum of its parts. The European Union for example has been seen as a civilian power. It has no army even though this is one of the areas where unity would bring an obvious increase in efficiency and influence. It relies on law, on negotiation, on multilateral organisation. Its relationships are often in the form of â€Å"contractual agreements†, itself a revealing phrase. It seems a model of soft power, as America is of hard power. Even China, a country based on hard power, has realised the effectiveness of adding a strong public diplomacy to its repertoire. Realists have a preference for hard power. Otto von Bismarck is famous for the remark that â€Å"this policy cannot succeed through speeches †¦and songs; it can be carried out only through blood and iron†. In a twist of irony however Bismarck’s blood and iron was not the solution to the German question. By 1945 Germany had had enough of both: they had undermined Bismarck’s achievement of unification and had led to the ruin of Germany. In today’s world it is more important than ever to be able to effectively combine hard and soft power to form smart power. Even one of the greatest military men of all time, realised the importance complementing hard power with soft when he famously stated that: â€Å"There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind. † – Napoleon Bonaparte Bibliography Bonaparte, Napoleon (1769-1821), ‘Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes’, http://www. military-quotes. com/Napoleon. htm Carnes Lord – Helle C. Dale, Public Diplomacy and the Cold War: Lessons Learned, in the Heritage Foundation (online) 18 September 2007 http://www. heritage. rg/Research/nationalSecurity/bg2070. cfm [accessed 28 January 2010] Drew Thompson, China’s Soft Power in Africa: from the â€Å"Beijing consensus† to health diplomacy, China Brief: Volume 5, Issue 21 (October 13, 2005) Joseph S. Nye Jr, Soft Power: A Means to Success in World Politics. Public Affairs, New York. 2004. Joseph S. Nye Jr, Soft Power, Hard Power and Leadership. Seminar , 27 October 06. http://www. hks. harvard. edu/netgov/files/talks/docs/11_06_06_seminar_Nye_HP_SP_Leadership. pdf Lee Rotherham, EU Diplomats, (online) in TaxpayersAlliance. com http://www. taxpayersalliance. om/EUDiplomats. pdf Matt Armstrong, Practicing Effective Public Diplomacy in Africa (or elsewhere). Blog – MountainRunner. US (online). February 8 2006 http://mountainrunner. us/2006/02/practicing_effe. html [accessed 28 January 2010] Robert Cooper, Hard power, Soft power and the Goals of Diplomacy, in David Held/Mathias Koenig-Archibugi, American Power in the 21st Century, 2004, pp. 167-180 Rory D Huff Jr, U. S. Applications of Hard and Soft Power (online) http://www. personal. psu. edu/cpl2/blogs/powerforce/Huff%20on%20Hard%20and%20Soft%20Power. pdf [accessed 28 January 2010]

Biography of Janet Emerson Bashen, American Inventor

Janet Emerson Bashen (born February 12, 1957) is an American inventor and entrepreneur and the first African-American woman to hold a patent for a software invention. The patented software, LinkLine, is a web-based application for Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) claims intake and tracking, claims management, and document management. Bashen has been inducted into the Black Inventors Hall of Fame and is the recipient of numerous awards for her business and technological achievements. Fast Facts: Janet Emerson Bashen Known For: Emerson is the first African-American woman to secure a patent for a software invention.Also Known As: Janet EmersonBorn: February 12, 1957 in Mansfield, OhioEducation: Alabama AM University, University of Houston, Rice UniversityAwards and Honors: National Association of Negro Women in Business Crystal Award, Black Inventors Hall of Fame, Houston, Texas Chamber of Commerce Pinnacle AwardSpouse: Steven BashenChildren: Blair Alise Bashen, Drew Alec BashenNotable Quote: â€Å"My success and failures make me who I am and who I am is a black woman raised in the south by working-class parents who tried to give me a better life by fostering a fervent commitment to succeed.† Early Life Janet Emerson Bashen was born Janet Emerson on February 12, 1957, in Mansfield, Ohio. She was raised in Huntsville, Alabama, where her mother was the citys first black nurse. Bashen attended an elementary school that had only recently been integrated, and she faced discrimination throughout her childhood and youth. After attending Alabama AM University, a historically black college, Emerson married Steven Bashen and relocated to Houston, Texas. Years later after achieving her business success, Bashen said that growing up in the South sparked her interest in social inequality and diversity: â€Å"As a black girl growing up in the segregated South, I asked my parents many questions; they didnt have answers. This started a life-long quest of trying to understand our country’s history and struggle with issues of race. This research led me to gender issues and then my passion with EEO grew into a business interest that has evolved, incorporating diversity and inclusion initiatives.† Education Bashen earned a degree in legal studies and government from the University of Houston and completed postgraduate studies at Rice University’s Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Administration. She later earned a certificate from Harvard University for her participation in the â€Å"Women and Power: Leadership in a New World program. Bashen also has a masters degree from Tulane Law School, where she studied labor and employment law. Bashen Corporation Bashen is the founder, president, and CEO of Bashen Corporation, a leading human resources consulting firm that pioneered end-to-end Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) compliance administration services. Bashen established the company in September 1994, building the business from her home office with no money, only one client, and a fervent commitment to succeed. As the business grew, Bashen began servicing more and more clients, and this demand led her to design her own case management software known as LinkLine. Bashen earned a patent for this tool in 2006, making her the first African-American woman to earn a patent for a software invention. For Bashen, the tool was a way to simplify claims tracking and document management by replacing the cumbersome paper process used by most businesses at the time: â€Å"I came up with the idea in 2001. Not everyone had a cell phone in 2001. I saw that papers in process got lost. There had to be a way to take in complaints—something Web-based and accessible away from the office...We worked months and months on the design. At the same time, I contacted a very large law firm and told the team I wanted to see if I could get a patent because no one was doing this. Bashen and her company have been recognized nationally for their business achievements. In May 2000, Bashen testified before Congress regarding the effect of the FTC opinion letter on third-party discrimination investigations. Bashen, along with Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Texas, were key figures in a debate that resulted in a change in legislation. In October 2002, Bashen Corporation was named one of America’s entrepreneurial growth leaders by Inc. Magazine in its annual ranking of the nation’s fastest-growing private companies, with an increase in sales of 552%. In October 2003, Bashen was given the Pinnacle Award by the Houston Citizens Chamber of Commerce. Bashen is also the recipient of the prestigious Crystal Award, presented by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc., for achievement in business. In 2010, she was recognized at the World Festival of Black Arts and Culture in Dakar, Senegal. Since creating LinkLine, Bashen has developed additional tools to bolster and support diversity in the workplace. One of these is AAP Advisory, a division of Bashen Corporation that offers guidance to clients on best practices for affirmative action in the workplace. The company has an advisory team in place to help businesses achieve diversity within their organizations. Bashens AAPLink is a software service designed to assist with such diversity efforts. Bashen also runs the hotline 1-800Intake, a tool to help small- and medium-sized businesses receive and manage workplace complaints. Together, this suite of tools enables businesses to ensure they are following the best practices for building diverse and inclusive environments. Public Service Bashen serves on the board of directors for the North Harris Montgomery County Community College District Foundation and chairs the corporate advisory board of the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc. She is also a board member of PrepProgram, a non-profit organization dedicated to preparing at-risk student-athletes for college. In 2014, she served on the women’s leadership board at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Sources Ackerman, Lauren. â€Å"Janet Emerson Bashen (1957- ) †¢ BlackPast.†Ã‚  BlackPast.Holmes, Keith C.  Black Inventors: Crafting over 200 Years of Success. Global Black Inventor Research Projects, 2008.Montague, Charlotte.  Women of Invention: Life-Changing Ideas by Remarkable Women. Crestline Books, 2018.